विकेंद्रित विकास के मायने

Decentralized economy

 

एक ऐसी भावना है जिसमें दर्दनाक समायोजन के बिना तेजी से आर्थिक प्रगति असंभव है। प्राचीन दर्शनों को छिन्न-भिन्न होना पड़ता है; पुरानी सामाजिक संस्थाओं को विघटित होना पड़ा है। जाति, पंथ और नस्ल के लोगों को फोड़ना पड़ता है और बड़ी संख्या में ऐसे व्यक्ति जो प्रगति के साथ नहीं रह सकते, उन्हें निराश जीवन की अपनी उम्मीदों पर खरा उतरना पड़ता है। बहुत कम समुदाय आर्थिक प्रगति की पूरी कीमत चुकाने को तैयार हैं। 

6. We use to say that every country requires a unique model keeping in mind it's unique requirements. Guru has also outlined the same.

Paradigm shift

There is an unseen paradigm shift in this Budget. For the first time, an Indian government’s budget seems to focus on national effort as the core impetus for national development. 

1. This is not surprising as the Cabinet resolution on NITI Aayog directs the national policymaking body “most importantly” to “adhere to the tenet that while incorporating positive influences from the world, no single model can be transplanted from outside into the Indian scenario. We need to find our own strategy for growth.” 

2. Almost a decade back, Finance Ministers and Central Bank Governors of the G20 nations had declared that “there is no uniform development approach that fits all countries” and “each country should choose the development approaches and policies that suit its specific characteristics.”

हम ध्यान दें कि विकास के दृष्टिकोण समय के साथ विकसित हो रहे हैं और इस प्रकार आर्थिक चुनौतियों के रूप में अद्यतन किए जाने की आवश्यकता है। —हम जानते हैं कि कोई भी समान विकास दृष्टिकोण नहीं है जो सभी देशों के लिए उपयुक्त हो। प्रत्येक देश को विकास के दृष्टिकोण और नीतियों को चुनने में सक्षम होना चाहिए जो पिछले दशकों में नीति निर्माण में संचित अनुभव से लाभान्वित होने के लिए अपनी विशिष्ट विशेषताओं के अनुरूप हैं, जिसमें निरंतर वृद्धि के लिए मजबूत वृहद आर्थिक नीतियों का महत्व भी शामिल है। ”

3. Three years later, the World Bank conceded “we have learned the hard way that there is no one model that fits all.” 

Yet, for a decade more, India followed the economic model of the West till the NITI Aayog decided to correct the course. The game-changing elements in this Budget are in line with NITI Aayog’s philosophy.

Shift:: 

In 1951, Social and economic department of United Nations, supporting these deficient philosophies had made following proclamation:

“There is a sense in which rapid economic progress is impossible without painful adjustments. Ancient philosophies have to be scrapped; old social institutions have to disintegrate. Bonds of caste, creed and race have to burst and large numbers of persons who cannot keep up with the progress have to have their expectations of a comfortable life frustrated. Very few communities are willing to pay the full price of economic progress.”

7. sme sector informal sector

The first expression of the India-centric approach is the innovative agenda to ‘fund the unfunded’ 58 million 5 crore and 80 Laius) micro and small businesses in the non-formal sector. This sector, according to the Credit Suisse Asia Pacific/India Equity Research report of July 2013, is unique to India. While in other countries the informal sector is largely illegal, in India, the report says, it is non-formal because government policies have not reached it. 

2. These 58 million non-formal micro businesses generate millions of rural and semi-urban entrepreneurs and provide 128 million 12 crore 80 Laius, I.e. That almost 2:5 persons employed by one entrepreneur on average) jobs. 

3. Two-thirds of these units are operated by Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes and Other Backward Classes. 

4. Yet, this Kamadhenu of job creation gets only 4 per cent of its credit needs from banks. The sector now borrows at usurious rates of interest of 120 per cent and beyond. 

5.,While it is denied funds, the formal sector — which garnered some Rs.54 lakh crore since 1991 by way of foreign and domestic capital and loans — has added just a couple of million jobs in two decades.

6, All governments since liberalisation had expected these millions of units to die of euthanasia ( mercy killing) in market economics. But they have posted the fastest growth among all segments of the Indian economy. But economic policymaking in India continued to ignore them. 7. Mr. Modi is the first political leader to see the potential of this sector to drive up jobs. He also realised that the modern banking system is unsuited to fund this sector. In the last budget, the Modi government had announced a committee to structure a new financial architecture for this sector. The Reserve Bank of India reportedly opposed any new architecture. But this Budget has gone ahead and announced a new financial architecture, the Micro Units Development Refinance Agency (MUDRA), for the non-formal sector with a corpus of Rs.20,000 crore and budgetary support of Rs.3,000 crore for credit guarantee. MUDRA will come into existence by a separate law. This will fund the millions of entrepreneurs by an innovative financial architecture that will integrate the existing private financiers of small businesses as last-mile lenders. It is a completely indigenous, India-centric and innovative solution for the most job-intensive, yet totally credit-starved, segment of an economy unique to India.